Michael C. Horowitz

Senior Fellow for Technology and Innovation

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Michael C. Horowitz is senior fellow for technology and innovation at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). He is also director of Perry World House and Richard Perry professor at the University of Pennsylvania. From 2022 to 2024, he served as deputy assistant secretary of defense for force development and emerging capabilities.

Professor Horowitz is the author of The Diffusion of Military Power: Causes and Consequences for International Politics, and the co-author of Why Leaders Fight. He won the Karl Deutsch Award given by the International Studies Association for early career contributions to the fields of international relations and peace research. Horowitz has published in a wide array of peer reviewed journals and popular outlets. His research interests include the intersection of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and robotics with global politics, military innovation, the role of leaders in international politics, and geopolitical forecasting methodology.

Professor Horowitz worked for the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense for Policy as a Council on Foreign Relations International Affairs Fellow. He is a life member at the Council on Foreign Relations. 

Professor Horowitz received his BA in political science from Emory University and PhD in government from Harvard University.

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